Homocysteine (HOMOCYST-A)

Homocysteine – What is this test?

Homocysteine is a amino acid present in the human body. It is produced when we consume foods that contain protein. A normal level of homocysteine positively affects tissue building and regeneration. The action of homocysteine is related to the levels of B vitamins and folic acid.

Numerous studies indicate that elevated homocysteine is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. The likelihood of a heart attack, ischemic stroke, cancer, and neurodegenerative diseases increases. High homocysteine, caused by a deficiency of folic acid, also increases the risk for pregnant women due to the potential for miscarriage or developmental defects in the fetus. Therefore, it is very important for young women to consume folic acid to ensure normal homocysteine levels and reduce the risk of neural tube defects in their children.

Homocysteine Test – When should it be performed?

The homocysteine level should be monitored by individuals who:

• have a deficiency of vitamin B12 and folic acid, manifesting as the onset of anemia or macrocytosis;

• have kidney failure;

• have a family history of cardiovascular diseases;

• have had a heart attack or stroke with no known risk factors;

• have had a heart attack or stroke under the age of 40;

• are suspected of having homocystinuria, or are first-degree relatives of individuals with homocystinuria.

How to prepare for the homocysteine test?

To obtain reliable results from the homocysteine blood test, the patient should be fasting before the test. They should refrain from eating and drinking for 8 hours prior to the sample collection. A glass of water can be consumed in the morning on the day of the test, but any medication intake should be consulted with a doctor.

The homocysteine test can also be performed using the patient's urine. In this case, the urine sample should be brought to the facility in a special container. The presence of homocysteine in urine always indicates an abnormal concentration of the amino acid.

Homocysteine fasting – How is the test performed?

To determine the homocysteine level, a blood sample must be taken from the patient. This takes several seconds, and the entire procedure, including pressure at the collection site, is completed within a maximum of 5 minutes. Some patients may experience slight discomfort during the needle insertion, but without pain.

Homocysteine – Results, Standards

The test result is available within 3 business days. It can be collected at the facility or online (if a special access code was previously obtained).

If homocysteine is being tested, the normal range that the doctor must consider is from 5 to 12 μmol/l. Elevated homocysteine levels can be caused by:

• deficiency of vitamin B12 and folic acid;

• deficiency of vitamin B6, especially pyridoxine;

• kidney failure;

• hypothyroidism;

• genetic disorders (e.g., homocystinuria).