Lipid profile (LDL marked)

Lipid Profile – what is this test? 

The lipid profile test is used to assess the lipid metabolism of the body. It is useful in evaluating the risk of cardiovascular diseases, including atherosclerosis, heart attack, stroke, and their complications. 

Factors that contribute to the development of these diseases include elevated lipid levels (cholesterol, triglycerides) and low HDL cholesterol levels, high blood pressure, smoking, diabetes, increased fibrinogen levels, obesity, poor diet, low physical activity, elevated homocysteine levels, age, and gender. 

Lipid Profile – what tests are included in the lipid profile? 

The standard lipid profile includes the following tests: 

• total cholesterol (CHOL); 

• HDL cholesterol, known as "good cholesterol"; 

• LDL cholesterol – measured directly, also known as "bad cholesterol"; 

• triglycerides (TG). 

When should the lipid profile test be done? 

The lipid profile test should be done as both a screening test and in the case of specific indications. These include: 

• risk factors for cardiovascular diseases (high blood pressure, diabetes, smoking, obesity or overweight); 

• symptoms suggesting lipid disorders (e.g., chest pain, shortness of breath, leg pain when walking, heart attack or stroke, xanthomas, edema of the lower limbs); 

• following a heart attack, stroke, or surgery to treat cardiovascular disease (in such cases, lipid profile testing should be done every 3-6 months for the first year); 

• in case of lipid abnormalities in a close family member (family members with cardiovascular diseases or cholesterol disorders); 

• monitoring the effectiveness of treatment (for patients who are receiving drug treatment for lipid abnormalities). 

How to prepare for the lipid profile test? 

In order to obtain reliable results from a lipid profile test, certain preparations should be followed. It is recommended to fast for at least 12 hours before the test, which means no food or drink (except water). This is because the test measures the levels of lipids in the blood, and food can temporarily raise lipid levels, which may affect the accuracy of the results. 

It is also important to inform the doctor about any medications being taken, as certain drugs can affect lipid levels. Additionally, if the patient is undergoing a follow-up check after treatment, it is crucial to take the test at the same time of day for consistent results. 

What do the results of a lipid profile test mean? 

The interpretation of lipid profile test results depends on the levels of total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and triglycerides. Here are some general guidelines for interpreting the results:

• Total cholesterol: A level of less than 200 mg/dL is considered desirable, 200-239 mg/dL is borderline high, and 240 mg/dL or more is high.

• LDL cholesterol ("bad" cholesterol): A level of less than 100 mg/dL is optimal, 100-129 mg/dL is near optimal, 130-159 mg/dL is borderline high, and 160 mg/dL or more is high.

• HDL cholesterol ("good" cholesterol): A level of 60 mg/dL or higher is considered protective against heart disease. A level of less than 40 mg/dL for men or 50 mg/dL for women is considered a risk factor for heart disease.

• Triglycerides: A level of less than 150 mg/dL is normal, 150-199 mg/dL is borderline high, 200-499 mg/dL is high, and 500 mg/dL or more is very high.

What affects lipid profile test results? 

Several factors can affect the results of a lipid profile test, including:

• A recent meal (especially fatty foods);

• Medications, such as beta-blockers, diuretics, and steroids;

• Physical activity level (more active individuals may have higher HDL levels);

• Age, gender, and genetic factors.

What is a lipid profile?

This test allows you to determine the levels of "good" and "bad" cholesterol in the body.

Lipidogram – Do I need to fast?

Yes, the lipid profile should be performed on an empty stomach.

How much does the lipidogram test cost?

The cost of the lipid profile test is around 60 PLN.

What diseases does the lipidogram detect?

The lipid profile is useful in diagnosing conditions such as atherosclerosis, heart attack, and stroke.

What does a bad lipidogram mean?

Bad lipidogram results may indicate cardiovascular diseases.

How should I prepare for the lipid profile test?

Avoid eating for 9–12 hours before the sample is taken. You can drink water, and if you are taking medications, consult your doctor to see if you can take them before the test.

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