Syphilis
Testing for syphilis.
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Syphilis is a sexually transmitted disease. It is caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum. Syphilis is easily treatable, but if left untreated, it can lead to severe health complications. Additionally, infection can be transmitted through the placenta from an infected mother to the fetus, leading to what is known as congenital syphilis.
Several stages of syphilis are distinguished:
Primary Syphilis:
- Symptoms appear approximately 2-3 weeks after infection.
- A genital ulcer (chancre), which is usually painless, may go unnoticed, especially if it occurs in the anus or vagina. The ulcer disappears within 4-6 weeks.
Secondary Syphilis:
- Develops 2-8 weeks after the ulcer appears.
- A skin rash is the most characteristic symptom of this stage. The rash is typically red, rough, and raised, often appearing on the palms of the hands and soles of the feet.
- Other symptoms may include: fever, fatigue, swollen lymph nodes, and sore throat.
- If left untreated, syphilis can enter a latent stage, which can last for years. During this phase, the infected person has no symptoms despite the ongoing infection.
Late (Tertiary) Syphilis:
- Around 15% of untreated cases progress to late syphilis, which can cause severe damage to multiple organs, including the heart, eyes, nervous system, bones, and joints.
- Late syphilis can last for many years and, if untreated, may lead to blindness, mental disorders, heart disease, and even death.
Treatment:
Syphilis is treated with antibiotics, most commonly penicillin. When detected early, the disease is usually easy to treat. However, patients with infections lasting longer than a year often require prolonged antibiotic therapy.