UROGENITAL 13 (URO6 + URO7)

The package includes diagnostics for intimate infections covering 13 pathogens:

• Chlamydia trachomatis
• Ureaplasma urealyticum
• Ureaplasma parvum
• Mycoplasma genitalium
• Mycoplasma hominis
• Neisseria gonorrhoeae (gonorrhea)
• Trichomonas vaginalis (trichomoniasis)
• Treponema pallidum (syphilis)
• Haemophilus ducreyi (chancroid)
• Chlamydia trachomatis (serotypes L1, L2, and L3 Lymphogranuloma venereum)
• HSV1/HSV2 (herpes)
• Cytomegalovirus (CMV)
• Varicella-Zoster Virus (VZV)

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs), formerly known as venereal diseases, are a group of infectious diseases transmitted through sexual contact.

Since many STIs are asymptomatic or have very mild symptoms, an infected person may unknowingly transmit the infection to others. Therefore, it is important to perform screening tests to detect and treat these infections early. It is recommended that these tests be part of routine examinations for sexually active teenagers and young adults, as well as adults in high-risk groups. Untreated STIs can have significant and long-term consequences, including infertility in both sexes. In women, they can cause pelvic inflammatory disease, increasing the risk of infertility and ectopic pregnancy.

Chlamydia Chlamydia is a sexually transmitted infection caused by the Gram-negative bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis. This infection is often referred to as the "silent epidemic" because it is widespread, but many people are unaware they are infected. In women, the infection can manifest as urethritis, oophoritis, and salpingitis. In men, the infection can lead to urethritis, orchitis, epididymitis, prostatitis, and proctitis. Untreated infection in both sexes can result in infertility. In pregnant women, untreated infection can lead to miscarriages and fetal defects. This disease can be treated with antibiotics.

Ureaplasmosis Infection with Ureaplasma is dangerous because it often presents with few symptoms. Symptoms reported by patients include discharge, intermenstrual bleeding, lower abdominal pain, itching, and a burning sensation in the urethra. Untreated bacterial infection in women can cause endometritis, inflammation of the adnexa (ovaries, fallopian tubes, and parametrium), and even peritonitis. In men, Ureaplasma infection affects the urethra, epididymis, and prostate, and infection occurs primarily through sexual contact or during childbirth from mother to child.

Mycoplasmosis Infections with Mycoplasma hominis and Mycoplasma genitalium often occur without symptoms. They are caused by small bacteria that lack a cell wall, making them resistant to antibiotics like vancomycin, cephalosporins, and penicillin. Treatment of mycoplasmosis depends on the species of mycoplasma. Mycoplasma hominis is resistant to erythromycin, and the drug of choice is clindamycin. Most mycoplasma infections are asymptomatic.

Gonorrhea Gonorrhea is one of the most widespread sexually transmitted diseases in the world. In women, symptoms, if present, are nonspecific and include painful urination, lower abdominal pain, abnormal vaginal discharge, and intermenstrual or rectal bleeding. In men, the most characteristic symptom, appearing 2-5 days after infection, is purulent discharge from the urethra accompanied by dysuria. Other symptoms that may accompany the infection include testicular swelling and pain, and rectal bleeding. Gonorrhea increases the risk of HIV infection by up to 10 times.

Trichomoniasis Men are usually asymptomatic carriers. Sometimes, patients experience symptoms related to the urogenital system, such as urethritis. In women, vaginitis can occur, accompanied by watery, foul-smelling, green-yellow discharge, itching, burning, and painful urination. In the case of Trichomonas vaginalis infection, proper diagnosis and treatment of the male partner is crucial, as he often remains an unaware carrier of the trichomonas due to the lack of symptoms.

Treponema pallidum (syphilis) Syphilis is a disease caused by the spirochete Treponema pallidum ssp. pallidum, transmitted primarily through sexual contact, but also transplacentally from an infected mother to the fetus, leading to congenital syphilis. Untreated syphilis can cause severe health problems, including damage to the nervous system (including blindness), cardiovascular system, bones, joints, kidneys, or liver, and in some cases, it can be fatal.

Haemophilus ducreyi (chancroid) Chancroid is a bacterial disease caused by the Gram-negative bacillus Haemophilus ducreyi, belonging to the group of sexually transmitted diseases. Chancroid is most commonly diagnosed in men, as the disease may be asymptomatic or latent in women. After an asymptomatic incubation period, averaging 5-7 days, a primary lesion appears as a painful spot, nodule, or pustule, which ulcerates within 48 hours. In men, this is visible on the foreskin, coronal sulcus, glans penis, urethral meatus, and scrotum; in women, on the vaginal vestibule, clitoris, cervix, and around the anus.

HSV1/HSV2 (herpes) Herpes simplex is a very common viral infection affecting more than 70% of the adult population. It is caused by two types of viruses, HSV-1 and HSV-2 (Herpes simplex virus). HSV-1 is transmitted through vesicular fluid, saliva, and direct contact with mucous membranes and skin, most commonly causing lesions on the lips and in the oral cavity. Primary infection usually occurs in early childhood, but herpes can be contracted at any age. HSV-2 is most commonly transmitted through sexual contact, causing infections in the genital area, primarily affecting sexually active individuals.

Cytomegalovirus – CMV (cytomegalovirus) Cytomegaly is a common viral disease caused by cytomegalovirus (CMV), belonging to the herpesvirus family, the same group as the herpes, chickenpox, and shingles viruses. As with infections caused by these viruses, CMV infection is usually asymptomatic. This occurs because, after infection, CMV remains latent in the body in individuals with a normal immune system. Reactivation occurs in states of immunodeficiency, such as during pregnancy or cancer, leading to inflammation of the brain, lungs, liver, or kidneys due to infection of the parenchymal organs.

Varicella-Zoster Virus – VZW (chickenpox and shingles virus) Chickenpox is a contagious viral disease caused by the varicella-zoster virus (VZV). VZW infection occurs most often through droplet transmission, direct contact, and transplacentally. The incubation period for the virus is 10-21 days, and in immunosuppressed individuals, it can be up to 35 days. After chickenpox, VZW remains latent in the body and can reactivate due to decreased immunity, causing shingles.

Instructions for sampling are included in the package.

Material Collection in Warsaw:

To arrange a pickup time for your shipment by a driver in Warsaw, please contact a BORLAMED employee by email or phone.

A laboratory employee will schedule a visit by our driver at the chosen time.

The material collection is free of charge.

You can also personally deliver the material for testing during the laboratory's working hours (Mon - Fri 9:00 AM - 5:00 PM).

Material Collection:

Schedule a pickup time for your shipment via courier or parcel locker – to do so, please contact a BORLAMED employee by email or phone. The laboratory employee will arrange for a courier or parcel locker and ask you to print the shipping label, which will be sent to your email address.

The material collection is free of charge.