UROGENITAL 48 (URO6 + URO7 + Candida 7 + HPV28)

The package includes the following tests:

• UROGENITAL-6
• UROGENITAL-7
• Candida Panel-7
• HPV28

It includes an analysis for viruses, bacteria, and yeasts that cause intimate infections:

• 5 viruses: HSV 1, HSV 2, CMV, VZV (shingles/chickenpox), 28 genotypes of HPV (Human Papilloma Virus)
• 10 bacterial species: Haemophilus ducreyi, Chlamydia trachomatis serotype L1 (Lymphogranuloma venereum), Treponema pallidum (syphilis), Trichomonas vaginalis (trichomoniasis), Neisseria gonorrhoeae (gonorrhea), Mycoplasma hominis, Mycoplasma genitalium, Ureaplasma parvum, Ureaplasma urealyticum, Chlamydia trachomatis
• 7 fungal species: Candida albicans, Candida krusei, Candida glabrata, Candida dubliniensis, Candida parapsilosis, Candida tropicalis, Candida lusitaniae

When to perform the test?

• Preventively, to exclude asymptomatic infections caused by the tested pathogens.
• If there are vesicular/ulcerative lesions in the area of the external genitalia or if there are skin lesions of unknown etiology in other parts of the body.
• If the above symptoms are present in your partner.

Indications for performing the test:

• In women: Sexual activity, history of contact with infected partners, symptoms of urogenital infections, pregnancy, or planning to start a family.
• In men: Sexual activity, history of contact with infected partners, symptoms of urogenital infections.

Method: Real-Time PCR

Material:

• In women: Cervical/vaginal/labial/perianal swabs
• In men: Penile/under-foreskin/coronal sulcus/perianal swabs

DETAILED TEST DESCRIPTION:

Identification of HPV genetic material in the patient's body and determination of the type of identified virus.

The genetic material of 28 types of HPV is detected:

• 19 genotypes with high oncogenic potential: 16, 18, 26, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 53, 56, 58, 59, 66, 68, 69, 73, 82
• 9 genotypes with low oncogenic potential: 6, 11, 40, 42, 43, 44, 54, 61, 70

HPV (Human Papillomavirus) is the most common cause of cervical cancer!

HSV Types 1 and 2 – human herpesvirus (herpes simplex virus) – causes periodic vesicular lesions (herpes) located at the border of the skin and mucous membrane (lip area and genital area). The virus, in its dormant form, is located in the cells of the nervous system (latent phase).

Treponema pallidum (syphilis) – the etiological agent of syphilis. Symptoms: The first symptoms of the disease include the presence of hard, ulcerative lesions on the external genitalia and enlargement of nearby lymph nodes. This may be followed by mucocutaneous rash or other skin lesions on the trunk and limbs. These changes may be accompanied by sore throat and headache. Progressive, untreated syphilis leads to serious, irreversible changes in the nervous or cardiovascular systems (tertiary syphilis), which is why early diagnosis and treatment are crucial. Routes of infection: Through kissing, sexual contact, or contact of injured skin with the secretions of an infected person. A pregnant woman can also transmit syphilis to her unborn child (intrauterine infection), which can lead to developmental defects or even fetal death. Treponema pallidum is a pathogen that is difficult to identify using traditional microbiological methods (it cannot be cultured), so the use of other methods, including Real-Time PCR, which is characterized by very high sensitivity and specificity, is recommended.

Lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) is a systemic disease caused by invasive serological types of Chlamydia trachomatis. Routes of infection: Sexual contact or contact of injured skin with the secretions of an infected person. Symptoms: In the early stage of the disease, a vesicle or nodule appears, which then forms a superficial erosion or herpetiform ulcer. The lesion may occur on the foreskin, glans, coronal sulcus, in women on the posterior vaginal wall, and on the labia. The most common clinical form of the infection currently is proctitis or proctocolitis, mimicking inflammatory bowel diseases such as Crohn's disease. When the external genitalia are the site of infection, it can cause inflammation of the inguinal or femoral lymph nodes. Traditionally known endemic areas for this disease include Africa, Asia, and South America; however, there has been an increase in cases in Europe, mainly among homosexual men. Lymphogranuloma venereum often co-occurs with HIV infection.

Haemophilus ducreyi (Chancroid) Symptoms: Causes painful ulcerative lesions on the external genitalia and can also be asymptomatic (especially in women). Infection with Haemophilus ducreyi also leads to an increase in receptors on certain immune cells, which are also receptors for HIV. This makes people with chancroid more susceptible to HIV infection compared to the rest of the population. Routes of infection: Transmitted through sexual contact or through injured skin. H. ducreyi infection occurs mainly in tropical climates in Africa, Southeast Asia, and Central America. It is rare in Poland, primarily diagnosed in individuals who have traveled to tropical countries.

Chickenpox/Shingles are infectious diseases caused by the Varicella-Zoster Virus (VZV).

Symptoms: The first contact with the virus most often causes chickenpox. VZV can remain dormant in the body. Reactivation of the virus can occur even many years after the initial infection, due to decreased immunity or the use of immunosuppressive drugs. The chickenpox virus has teratogenic effects and can even cause miscarriage if infection (or reactivation of the virus) occurs in the first trimester of pregnancy. Congenital abnormalities may occur in the child. Characteristic vesicles may appear on the face, scalp, chest, back, and also in the area of the vulva, urethral opening, and anus. Shingles is characterized by an itchy vesicular rash. Routes of infection: VZV is highly contagious and is transmitted via droplets. It also crosses the placenta, causing fetal infection.

Cytomegalovirus (CMV)

CMV infection is very common, affecting an estimated 90% of the adult population. Symptoms: It can cause ulcerative changes in the female genitalia and be life-threatening, especially in patients with low immunity, such as those infected with HIV. In individuals with a normally functioning immune system, CMV causes a relatively mild disease, which is asymptomatic in most cases. Cytomegaly is particularly dangerous for pregnant and breastfeeding women. The most dangerous is a primary infection during pregnancy (first contact with the virus) – in this case, the risk of intrauterine infection is highest. In the case of reinfection, the risk is lower. Congenital cytomegaly can cause developmental defects in the child, loss of hearing and vision, microcephaly, and seizures.

Trichomonas vaginalis (Trichomoniasis) A protozoan that causes trichomoniasis – a parasitic disease of the urogenital system. Chronic, untreated trichomoniasis can lead to infertility and pregnancy complications.

Neisseria gonorrhoeae (Gonococcus) A Gram-negative bacterium that causes the disease known as gonorrhea. Neisseria gonorrhoeae infects the mucous membranes of the reproductive system, including the cervix, uterus, and fallopian tubes in women, and the urethra in both women and men. It can also infect the mucous membranes of the mouth, throat, eyes, and rectum.

Ureaplasma parvum and Ureaplasma urealyticum In women, the presence of these bacteria can cause inflammation of the ovaries, fallopian tubes, or cervix. In men, untreated infection can lead to fertility problems, prostatitis, epididymitis, or kidney inflammation. Infection with these bacteria can also occur through transplacental transmission and during childbirth. A serious complication of untreated Ureaplasma urealyticum infection in pregnant women is inflammation of the fetal membranes and placenta, which can lead to premature birth.

Chlamydia trachomatis An intracellular Gram-negative bacterium. Chlamydia trachomatis bacterial infections are primarily associated with inflammation of the urogenital tract. In women, it can lead to urethritis, cervicitis, and pelvic inflammatory disease. In men, the infection leads to epididymitis and orchitis. A characteristic feature of the bacterium is its ability to persist in host cells, leading to latent or chronic infections. In most cases, Chlamydia trachomatis infection is asymptomatic.

Mycoplasma hominis and Mycoplasma genitalium These bacteria can exhibit pathogenic properties and lead to urogenital infections, including urethritis in men and inflammation of the ovaries and fallopian tubes in women. The infection can lead to a decrease in sperm count and motility as well as impaired sperm morphology. Untreated infection with Mycoplasma hominis and Mycoplasma genitalium can lead to infertility in both women and men. These bacteria are characterized by the absence of a cell wall, which determines their natural resistance to commonly used beta-lactam antibiotics. The course of the infection can be asymptomatic or clinically manifest with mild symptoms.

Candida albicans A yeast that is part of the normal flora of the gastrointestinal tract (playing an important digestive role by helping to break down sugar in the body), the urogenital tract, respiratory tract, and skin. In healthy individuals, it does not cause infection; however, in cases of weakened immunity, it can proliferate excessively. When the yeast population begins to grow rapidly, it becomes a problem. Candidiasis is becoming an increasingly common disease in modern times because, with the current lifestyle, stress, environmental pollution, widespread antibiotic use, and processed food with high sugar content, we are at risk of decreased immunity and excessive growth of fungi in our bodies, starting from our intestines to internal organs and skin.

Instructions for sampling are included in the package.

Material Collection in Warsaw:

To arrange a pickup time for your shipment by a driver in Warsaw, please contact a BORLAMED employee by email or phone.

A laboratory employee will schedule a visit by our driver at the chosen time.

The material collection is free of charge.

You can also personally deliver the material for testing during the laboratory's working hours (Mon - Fri 9:00 AM - 5:00 PM).

Material Collection:

Schedule a pickup time for your shipment via courier or parcel locker – to do so, please contact a BORLAMED employee by email or phone. The laboratory employee will arrange for a courier or parcel locker and ask you to print the shipping label, which will be sent to your email address.

The material collection is free of charge.