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Urine

A urinalysis is one of the basic laboratory tests that are performed both as a preventive measure and for the diagnosis of many diseases. Patients are most often referred to a general urine test, but other tests are also applicable, e.g. urine culture or the determination of specific substances in daily urine collections. 

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Urine laboratory tests


A general urine test, but also cultures or dedicated tests to detect specific substances in the sample, e.g. glucose, cortisol, uric acid, protein, creatinine, phosphorus and many other components, allow the initial diagnosis of many diseases.

When should a urine test be carried out?


A urine test is one of the basic diagnostic tests that can provide a great deal of information about a patient's state of health. Here are some situations when it is worth performing it:

  1. Routine preventive examinations: As part of regular health checks.
  2. Disease symptoms:
  3. Urinary tract infections (pain, burning, frequent pushing).
  4. Systemic symptoms (fever, weight loss, fatigue).
  5. Monitoring of chronic conditions:
  6. Kidney disease (e.g. when blood pressure is high).
  7. Diabetes mellitus (monitoring of sugar and ketones in urine).
  8. Pregnancy: Regular check-ups to detect infection, gestational diabetes or preclampsia.
  9. Post-trauma: To assess damage to internal organs after abdominal or pelvic trauma.

How to prepare for a urine test?


The reliability of the test result obtained depends on the correct preparation of the sample and its delivery to the laboratory, according to the guidelines. Before performing the analysis, check whether the chosen test is based on a morning urine sample, a daily collection or a sample obtained at any time of the day.

How do I collect urine for testing?


1. Before taking a urine sample, wash your hands and then wash your genital area to avoid contamination of the sample with external bacteria. 

2. Use a sterile container, which you can buy from a pharmacy, to take the sample.

3. Pass the first small amount of urine into the toilet, and catch the middle part of the stream - the cleanest part - directly into the container.

4. Immediately after collecting the urine, cap the container and wash your hands. 

5. The sample should be delivered to the laboratory as soon as possible, preferably within a few hours of collection.

6. If immediate transport is not possible, store the urine in a refrigerator, but no longer than 24 hours to ensure the reliability of the results.


Preparation for urine testing in children and infants


Preparing a specimen for a urine test in children, especially the youngest, is challenging for parents. The urine must be collected in a sterile container; special pouches that are glued to the toddler's intimate areas can be helpful. With these, a urine laboratory test can even be carried out on babies.