What is a surgical procedure?

A surgical procedure is a medical intervention involving physical intrusion into a patient’s body to treat, diagnose, or prevent health issues. It often involves cutting through tissue or opening body cavities.

What is the difference between a procedure and an operation?

The terms "procedure" and "operation" are often used interchangeably, but they have different meanings in medical terminology.

• Procedure: A general term referring to any medical action. It can include simple medical procedures or more complex interventions performed in treatment rooms.
• Operation: A specific type of procedure usually involving more invasive techniques, requiring anesthesia, and performed in an operating room by qualified surgeons. Operations are typically more complex and aim to remove or repair damaged tissues or organs.

What are the types of surgical procedures?

General surgical procedures involve internal organs like the stomach, intestines, liver, or pancreas. Surgical interventions also include:

• Orthopedic surgery,
• Cosmetic surgery,
• Gynecological procedures,
• Urological procedures,
• Oncological procedures,
• Endoscopic procedures.

Indications for surgical procedures

Surgical procedures are performed in various clinical situations. Here are some cases where they are recommended:

• Skin lesions: removal of moles, cysts, fibromas, or varicose veins in the legs;
• Cancer of the breast, intestines, or lungs;
• Digestive system diseases: e.g., appendicitis, bowel obstruction, ulcers, as well as abdominal or inguinal hernias;
• Orthopedic disorders: fractures, joint injuries;
• Gynecological issues: removal of the uterus, fibroids, ovarian cysts, and treatment of endometriosis;
• Urological diseases: procedures related to prostate diseases, kidney stones, and urinary system cancers;
• Bariatric surgery, e.g., for obesity.

Surgical procedures should always be preceded by a thorough assessment of the patient's health.

How to prepare for a surgical procedure?

Preparation for a surgical procedure is a crucial stage aimed at ensuring patient safety and minimizing the risk of complications.

• Patients usually need to undergo a series of tests, such as blood work, ECG, and other laboratory tests, to assess their health and the risk associated with the procedure.
• Depending on the procedure, patients should fast for at least 6 hours before the operation, avoiding food and drink.
• It is important for patients to inform the doctor about all medications they are taking, including dietary supplements. Some medications, especially anticoagulants, may need to be modified or temporarily discontinued before the procedure.
• Patients should arrange transportation to the hospital and ensure they have assistance at home afterward, especially if the procedure requires anesthesia.
• Every procedure is different and requires individual preparation. Before undergoing the procedure, make sure to check with the facility where it will be performed for specific preparation guidelines.