Blood

Antibodies against insulin are tested in patients with prediabetes and for the diagnosis of Type 1 diabetes (T1DM) and LADA (Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults).

Highly specific antibodies against tyrosine phosphatase are tested as a complementary examination alongside anti-GAD antibodies. This test aids in diagnosing LADA (Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults) or identifying individuals genetically predisposed to developing Type 1 Diabetes (T1DM).

The detection of IgG and IgA antibodies against baker's yeast in the blood, combined with other tests, enables non-invasive diagnosis of digestive system disorders (Crohn's disease, irritable bowel syndrome, ulcerative colitis).

The IgA anticardiolipin antibody test is performed in the diagnosis of antiphospholipid syndrome—an autoimmune disease associated with blood clotting disorders and obstetric complications.

The IgM anticardiolipin antibody test is performed in the diagnosis of antiphospholipid syndrome—an autoimmune disease associated with blood clotting disorders and obstetric complications.

The IgG anticardiolipin antibody test is performed in the diagnosis of antiphospholipid syndrome—an autoimmune disease associated with blood clotting disorders and obstetric complications.

Specific IgM antibodies produced by the body in response to contact with the parasite Toxoplasma gondii (a protozoan), which causes toxoplasmosis.

Specific total antibodies produced by the body in response to contact with Treponema pallidum, the bacterium that causes syphilis.

Specific IgG antibodies are produced in response to contact with the tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) virus.

Specific IgM antibodies are produced by the body in response to contact with the intestinal parasite (protozoan) Giardia lamblia, which causes giardiasis. Symptoms include nausea, sudden watery diarrhea, bloating, loss of appetite, weight loss, and chronic fatigue.