Blood

The test is performed as part of an in-depth and detailed diagnosis of autoimmune diseases, assessing (qualitative + semi-quantitative) the presence of antibodies for conditions such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), Sjogren's syndrome, mixed connective tissue disease (Sharp syndrome, MCTD), systemic sclerosis (SSc), limited scleroderma (LoSc), polymyositis (PM), dermatomyositis (DM), overlap syndrome, CREST syndrome/scleroderma, and type I autoimmune hepatitis (AIH).

A group of proteins is assessed, the levels of which influence the regulation of the immune response. The test is performed in the diagnosis of female infertility, in diagnosing inflammatory conditions and diseases with an inflammatory pathogenesis, and in monitoring the effects of therapy for certain cancers.

The test is performed to confirm and assess the progress of pregnancy, in the diagnosis of pregnancy complications such as hypertension or premature birth, to determine abnormal HCG levels which may be associated with fetal chromosomal abnormalities, and to differentiate between malignant and benign trophoblastic diseases.

The test is used in the diagnosis of female infertility, premature ovarian failure (POF), primary ovarian insufficiency, autoimmune polyendocrinopathy (coexistence of autoimmune diseases such as antiphospholipid syndrome (APS), Addison's disease, diabetes). Antibodies against ovarian antigens are measured.

Antibodies against exocrine cells are measured, which is useful in differentiating Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.

The test is performed in the diagnosis of diseases involving vasculitis (e.g., Wegener's granulomatosis, eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis, microscopic polyangiitis); chronic diseases of the kidneys, liver, lungs, colon, and toxin poisoning. Antibodies against neutrophil granulocytes are measured.

The subpopulation of lymphocytes is assessed based on the presence of differentiation antigens (CD). The test is used in the diagnosis of Lyme disease.

Lymphocyte subpopulations are assessed based on the presence of differentiation antigens (CD), characteristic of a specific cell population. The test is used in the diagnosis of primary and secondary immunodeficiencies, female infertility, and is also useful in transplant immunology.